| Property | Specification |
| Chemical Formula | X?Y?(SiO?)? (X = Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn; Y = Al, Fe, Cr, V) |
| Crystal System | Isometric (Cubic) |
| Color | Red, Green, Orange, Yellow, Brown, Purple, Pink, Black |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.5 - 4.3 (varies by type) |
| Refractive Index | 1.714 - 1.888 |
| Birefringence | None (Isotropic) |
| Luster | Vitreous to Resinous |
| Transparency | Transparent to Opaque |
| Pleochroism | None |
| Optical Character | Isotropic (some varieties show weak anisotropy) |